VERBO TO BE
(EN PASADO)
Las estructuras con el verbo "to be"
sirven para poder comunicar varias aspectos muy útiles como pueden ser
"hablar sobre una persona" (su nombre, edad, nacionalidad, de dónde
es, su profesión, como se siente, etc.) y "describir las características
de alguien o algo" (qué es algo, su color, a quien pertenece, etc.).
La única diferencia con respecto a su uso en tiempo pasado
radica precisamente en que se utiliza para expresar
estados o condiciones que ya
ocurrieron. Ejemplos:
I was good at sports = Yo era bueno en deportes.
I was in the office about an hour ago = Yo estaba en la oficina hace una hora.
I was in the office about an hour ago = Yo estaba en la oficina hace una hora.
Tiene algunos usos especiales distintos
a sus equivalentes españoles.
- Sirve para expresar la edad,
en cuyo caso se traduce por “tener”:
When Mary was 15 years she could speak five languages = Cuando maría tenía quince años, ella podía hablar cinco idiomas.
How old were you when learned to speak? = ¿Cuántos años tenías cuando aprendiste a hablar?
Para expresar las sensaciones también
se emplea el verbo “to be” y
equivale al “tener” español.
Were you hungry? = ¿Tenías
hambre?
He was thirsty = El tenía sed.
He was thirsty = El tenía sed.
EL VERBO To Be tiene dos significados: “ser” o “estar”.
Dependiendo del sentido de la frase sabremos qué significado tiene. Miren los
siguientes ejemplos en español.
El verbo “to be” en pasado tiene dos formas diferentes (was – were).
Utilizamos la forma “was” para
primera (I) y la
tercera persona del singular (he, she,
it); y utilizamos la forma “were”
con el resto de personas (you, we, they).
AFIRMATIVA: Para elaborar
la forma afirmativa utilizamos la siguiente estructura:
sujeto + was/were + complemento
Yo estaba en el parque.
I was in the park.
Él estaba triste.
He was sad.
Ellos eran
vecinos.
They were neighbors.
NEGATIVA: Para
elaborar la forma negativa agregamos la partícula “not” después del verbo.
sujeto + was/were + not +
complemento
Yo no estaba en el parque.
I was not in the park.
Él no estaba triste.
He was not sad.
Ellos no
eran vecinos.
They were not neighbors.
* Recuerda
que este verbo puede contraerse y encontrar las siguientes formas (He wasn't sad)
o (They weren't neighbors)
INTERROGATIVA: Para
elaborar la forma interrogativa tenemos que invertir el verbo
'to be' (was/were) y el sujeto.
was/were + sujeto + complemento + ?
¿Estaba yo en el parque?
was I in the park ?
¿Estaba él triste?
was he sad ?
¿ Eran ellos vecinos ?
Were they neighbors ?
RESPUESTAS
CORTAS: Para dar respuestas cortas debemos utilizar
la forma correspondiente del verbo “to
be”en pasado.
Were they neighbors ?
Yes, they were / No, they weren’t
Was he sad ?
Yes, she was / No, she wasn’t
* Utilizamos
la forma completa en las respuestas cortas afirmativas, y la forma contraída en
las respuestas cortas negativas.
Los aspectos
importantes que debemos tener en cuenta son los siguientes:
· Cuando
hablamos en pasado vamos a ver ciertas expresiones de tiempo que
aparecen con mucha frecuencia, como yesterday, last week/month/year,
two days/weeks/years ago, in 1997, etc.
· Recuerda
las reglas básicas para formar la afirmativa, negativa e
interrogativa.
CONJUGACIÓN DEL VERBO TO-BE EN PASADO
FORMA
AFIRMATIVA
|
FORMA
NEGATIVA
|
FORMA
INTERROGATIVA
|
I was
|
I was not (I wasn't)
|
was I?
|
Yo fui, yo era / yo estaba
|
Yo no fui, yo no era /
yo no estaba
|
¿fui yo?, ¿era yo ? / ¿estaba yo?
|
you were
|
you were not (you weren't)
|
were you?
|
Tú fuiste, tú eras /
tú estabas
|
tú no fuiste, tú no
eras / tú no estabas
|
¿fuiste tú?, ¿eras tú?
/ ¿estaba tú s?
|
he was
él fue, él era / él estaba
|
he was not (he wasn't)
él no fue, él no era / él no estaba
|
was he?
¿fue él?, ¿era él? / ¿estaba él?
|
She was
|
She was not (he wasn't)
|
was She?
|
Ella fue, ella era /
ella estaba
It was
Eso fue, eso era / eso
estaba
We were
|
ella no fue, ella no
era / ella no estaba
It
was not (it wasn’t)
Eso no fue, eso no era
/ eso no estaba
we were not (we weren’t)
|
¿fue ella?, ¿era ella?
/¿estaba ella?
Was it?
¿fue eso?, ¿ Era eso?
/ ¿estaba eso?
Were we?
|
Nosotros fuimos,
éramos, / nosotros estábamos
|
Nosotros no fuimos, no
éramos, / nosotros estábamos
|
¿fuimos nosotros?, ¿éramos
nosotros? / ¿estábamos nosotros?
|
you were
|
you were not (you weren't)
|
were you?
|
Ustedes eran o fueron
/ ustedes estaban
|
Ustedes no eran o no
fueron / ustedes no estaban
|
¿fueron ustedes?,
¿eran ustedes?, / ¿estaban ustedes?
|
they were
|
they were not (they weren't)
|
were they?
|
Ellos fueron,
ellos eran /
ellos estaban
|
Ellos no fueron, ellos
no eran / ellos no estaban
|
¿fueron ellos?, ¿eran
ellos ? /¿estaban ellos?
|
EXERCICES: 1 Complete las oraciones usando el pasado simple
del verbo to be (was – were)
1. Jackeline _____________ in London last year.
2. Elsie and Jackie _____________ at the party last weekend.
3. Who ______________ at the
concert last Saturday?
4. The children ______________ quiet when
the show began.
5. I ________________ tired yesterday.
6. You ______________ happy about an hour ago.
7. We ______________ sad the day before yesterday.
8. They _______________ busy last week.
9. He _____________ angry with his brother.
10. She _____________ sleepy yesterday.
11. Richard and I _____________ excited last night.
12. The party _______________ fun last weekend.
13. When he ___________ a little boy, Anthony ___________ very good at football. he practiced a lot.
14. The movie _____________ really boring. So, I decided turned off the T.V.
15. After playing outside, my dog ______________ very dirty. She came into the house and ran into my room. It ______________ such a mess!
16. When she ______________ in the sixth grade, she ______________ five feet tall.
17. The weather ______________ too hot. So, we decided not to go to the beach after all.
6. You ______________ happy about an hour ago.
7. We ______________ sad the day before yesterday.
8. They _______________ busy last week.
9. He _____________ angry with his brother.
10. She _____________ sleepy yesterday.
11. Richard and I _____________ excited last night.
12. The party _______________ fun last weekend.
13. When he ___________ a little boy, Anthony ___________ very good at football. he practiced a lot.
14. The movie _____________ really boring. So, I decided turned off the T.V.
15. After playing outside, my dog ______________ very dirty. She came into the house and ran into my room. It ______________ such a mess!
16. When she ______________ in the sixth grade, she ______________ five feet tall.
17. The weather ______________ too hot. So, we decided not to go to the beach after all.
18. Albert _____________ my
best friend. He and I ___________ in
the same class.
19. Sophie and Jack _____________ always together at school.
20. The box _____________ so heavy that I couldn’t lift it.
Complete el
texto usando el pasado simple del verbo
to be (was – were)
Hi Robert!
How_________ your vacations? My vacations________ great!
The first week I __________ in Medellín. On Monday we_______ at
"Parque Las Tamarindas", Recreational Center. The pools _________ fantastic.
On Tuesday we went to “El Peñol”. It _______ a big rock about thirty feet high. It __________ excited. There ________ many restaurants with
typical food.
The next day we__________ at Poblado, a typical
neighborhood. There ________ a lot of many beautiful
places I visited.
Write soon,
Mary.
Complete el texto usando el pasado simple del
verbo to be (was – were)
This is the Romero family.
Hector, is the father,
Martha, the mother and their children: Angela, Marcos and Dayana. This is a
young family. They married ten years ago when Hector _____________ 27 years old
and Martha_____________eighteen.
When Angela and Marcos
began to study, they _______________ bad students, but a year ago they
______________ the best at school. Their parents______________ happy for that.
So they went to Cartagena on vacations. They ____________ in a room of a hotel
which is in front of the beach.
Hector _____________ happy
because he could practice diving. Martha
________________ excited because she _____________ interested in history
and she could see some historical monuments. Actually, the city ______________
very interesting. Angela and Marcos ______________ happy too, because they had
fun. But Dayana, the youngest daughter____________ happy too because she could
play a lot with some new friends. The vacations are over, and they are
preparing for the next year.
Write the words in the correct order.
1. the – like – town – What – was - ?
____________________________________________________________.
2. the - were - museum - in - you.
____________________________________________________________.
3. there – good – any – weren’t – discos.
____________________________________________________________.
4. friendly – were – local – people – the - ?
____________________________________________________________.
5. were – hotel – a – good – We – in.
____________________________________________________________.
6. I – beach – the – at – wasn’t.
____________________________________________________________.
7. work – this – were – you – morning – at - ?
____________________________________________________________.
8. London – was – in – I – yesterday.
____________________________________________________________.
9. in – restaurant – They – night – a – were – last.
____________________________________________________________.
10. mother – was – your – Where – born - ?
____________________________________________________________.
11. My – was – grandmother – teacher – a - ?
____________________________________________________________.
12. night – last – cinema – the – at – was – I.
____________________________________________________________.
13. children – naughty – were – the - ?
____________________________________________________________.
14. called – were – you – we – café – a – in – when - ?
____________________________________________________________.
15. late – was – I ?
____________________________________________________________.
16. late – interview – for – they – were – the .
_______________________________________________________________.
17. was – how – party – the - ?
_______________________________________________________________.
18. at – not – was – wife – my – she – time - that.
_______________________________________________________________.
19. China – we – not – were – in.
_______________________________________________________________.
20. best – not – He – friend – my – was.
_______________________________________________________________.
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